Housing Policies in Practice: A Dive into the Evidence

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.title[
# Housing Policies in Practice: A Dive into the Evidence
]
.subtitle[
## Housing Policies in Practice
]
.author[
### Hussain Hadah (he/him)
]
.date[
### 11 April 2024
]

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<div style="position: absolute;left:20px;bottom:5px;color:black;font-size: 12px;">Hussain Hadah (he/him) (Tulane) | Housing Policies in Practice | 11 April 2024</div>

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## Overview of the Evidence

### We will go over several papers that study the effect of housing policies on affordability

### Will will cover the impact of:

1. Exclusionary Zoning
2. Homeowners Associations
3. Redlining
4. Upzoning

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# Exclusionary Zoning

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## Definition

### Exclusionary zoning refers to the practice of using zoning ordinances to exclude certain types of land uses from a given community

### It has been used to exclude low-income families and minorities from living in certain neighborhoods

### First laws were passed in 20th century to prevent the construction of affordable apartments

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# Aaronson Et Al. (2020) & Aaronson Et Al. (2021)

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## Overview

### What is the long-run effects of the 1930s Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining maps on socioeconomic status and economic mobility?

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### Redlining reduced home ownership rates, house values, and rents and increased racial segregation in later decades

### People born in 1970s and 1980s were significantly affected by the HOLC maps

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## Background: Redlining

.blockquote[
### <svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">  <path d="M144 208c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32 32-14.3 32-32-14.3-32-32-32zm112 0c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32 32-14.3 32-32-14.3-32-32-32zm112 0c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32 32-14.3 32-32-14.3-32-32-32zM256 32C114.6 32 0 125.1 0 240c0 47.6 19.9 91.2 52.9 126.3C38 405.7 7 439.1 6.5 439.5c-6.6 7-8.4 17.2-4.6 26S14.4 480 24 480c61.5 0 110-25.7 139.1-46.3C192 442.8 223.2 448 256 448c141.4 0 256-93.1 256-208S397.4 32 256 32zm0 368c-26.7 0-53.1-4.1-78.4-12.1l-22.7-7.2-19.5 13.8c-14.3 10.1-33.9 21.4-57.5 29 7.3-12.1 14.4-25.7 19.9-40.2l10.6-28.1-20.6-21.8C69.7 314.1 48 282.2 48 240c0-88.2 93.3-160 208-160s208 71.8 208 160-93.3 160-208 160z"></path></svg> Redlining 
Derived from the red shading that demarcated the lowest-ranked D neighborhoods in which the racial makeup of neighborhoods were explicit factors that were often pivotal in assigning grades.
]

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## HOLC Maps

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## Summary Statistics

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## Effect of Redlining: D-C Border

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## Effect of Redlining: C-B Border

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## Effect of Redlining: Income & Upward Mobility

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## Effect of Redlining: Poverty & Incarceration

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## Effect of Redlining: Family Structure

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# Clarke and Freedman (2019)

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## What is the relationship between being in a homeowners association and housing prices?

### Having an HOA increases housing prices by 4.2% on average

### HOAs has a large effect on income and racial segregation

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## Relationship between HOAs and Diversity

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# Song (2021)

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## How do zoning restrictions affect housing prices, construction, and segregation?

### Zoning restrictions increases:

#### A 100% increase in minimum lot size increases:

1. Housing prices by 14%
2. Rent by 6%
3. Intensity of segregation

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## Minimum Lot Size and Segregation

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## Minimum Lot Size and Housing Prices and Rent

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# Jarvis (2021)

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## What is the effect of NIMBYism on local planning?

#### What is NIYMBYism?

- Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) is a term used to describe opposition by residents to a proposal for a new development close to them

--
- The author finds strong local opposition to wind projects

-  Increased wind power deployment costs by 10-29%

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- Similar opposition could and does apply to local housing projects

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## Example of NIMBYism

- [Tree Murder Song](https://twitter.com/gramsofgnats/status/1227658713973940224?s=61&t=Ypr5tIPuoNPFVrHneOfZ8g)

- [Egg Lady](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZilZ6P2P49Q)

- New apartments mean new housing but what about the poor [Zucchini](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VnwT-dzJUs) in her backyard

- [The Falafel Gambit](https://medium.com/yimbyneoliberal/the-great-falafel-debacle-27231edce59e)

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### So, is local opposition to projects democratic?

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# Greenaway-McGrevy and  Phillips (2023)

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## What is the impact of upzoning on construction?

- Upzoning is when single family zoning restrictions are loosened

### Upzoning stimulated construction

### Upzoning can stimulate housing supply

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## Upzoning stimulates construction

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## Upzoning stimulates construction

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## Upzoning stimulates construction

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## Upzoning stimulates construction

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# Tulane and the Murphy Institute are hosting a housing sympoisum

- Friday and Saturday April 12 and 13